Unit 49.2 Sequencing Blog

Process of Sequencing Project:

Listen to the final track here: Rather Be

How to set up a project

What is a DAW?

A DAW is a programme on the computer specifically designed for recording, editing and playing digital audio files. You can use a digital audio workstation to edit and mix audio sources. It also allows you to see how the tracks visually line up over time. 

DAW's are very important within all aspects of sound production; radio, television and music are a few examples. Popular DAW's that people like to use in sound production are Cubase, Garage Band and Logic. 

How I have used Cubase to Sequence for my task?

We decided to use Cubase as our DAW as it is a very professional software to use within the studio. I have used Cubase to sequence in some instrument tracks in aim to create a song. There are a variety of sounds and instruments loaded onto cubase, we used the HalLion Sonic SE quite a lot. 

The Computer/Operating System used?

For this task I worked on an Apple iMac (2011), with the iMac osX Lion 10.7.5 system. This is a good choice of operating system to use as the oxS is a lot more reliable than Windows, making the system less likely to crash, which is very important in audio production as you might be setting up for a gig and you really wouldn't want your computer to crash.

Setting up a Track with HalLion SE

What is a Midi?

Midi stands for 'Musical Instrument Digital Interface', and it transmits information about how the music is produced rather than representing the musical sound directly. The sound is very smal and lacks in detail, but that could be a good thing as the file size is only little, but then the audio track could lack in sound control. 

Midi is almost like a set of instruction which controls and tells an electronic device how to play a certain sound. 

What is General Midi?

General Midi (GM) is a soundset used by most Wavetable synthesizers and soundcard to ensure that the devices are compatible with each other. GM is a set of 120 standard sounds and also drum kits.  General Midi allows Midi track to be able to produce their own individual instrument sounds. 

Below is a list of all 128 General Midi Sound Tracks. 

128 General Midi Tracks/Patches with Midi Change Numbers

Prog#   Instrument            Prog#    Instrument 

 PIANO                           CHROMATIC PERCUSSION

1    Acoustic Grand             9   Celesta

2    Bright Acoustic           10   Glockenspiel

3    Electric Grand            11   Music Box

4    Honky-Tonk                12   Vibraphone

5    Electric Piano 1          13   Marimba

6    Electric Piano 2          14   Xylophone

7    Harpsichord               15   Tubular Bells

8    Clavinet                  16   Dulcimer

  ORGAN                          GUITAR

17   Drawbar Organ             25   Nylon String Guitar

18   Percussive Organ          26   Steel String Guitar

19   Rock Organ                27   Electric Jazz Guitar

20   Church Organ              28   Electric Clean Guitar

21   Reed Organ                29   Electric Muted Guitar

22   Accoridan                 30   Overdriven Guitar

23   Harmonica                 31   Distortion Guitar

24   Tango Accordian           32   Guitar Harmonics

  BASS                           SOLO STRINGS

33   Acoustic Bass             41   Violin

34   Electric Bass(finger)     42   Viola

35   Electric Bass(pick)       43   Cello

36   Fretless Bass             44   Contrabass

37   Slap Bass 1               45   Tremolo Strings

38   Slap Bass 2               46   Pizzicato Strings

39   Synth Bass 1              47   Orchestral Strings

40   Synth Bass 2              48   Timpani

  ENSEMBLE                       BRASS

49   String Ensemble 1         57   Trumpet

50   String Ensemble 2         58   Trombone

51   SynthStrings 1            59   Tuba

52   SynthStrings 2            60   Muted Trumpet

53   Choir Aahs                61   French Horn

54   Voice Oohs                62   Brass Section

55   Synth Voice               63   SynthBrass 1

56   Orchestra Hit             64   SynthBrass 2

  REED                           PIPE

65   Soprano Sax               73   Piccolo

66   Alto Sax                  74   Flute

67   Tenor Sax                 75   Recorder

68   Baritone Sax              76   Pan Flute

69   Oboe                      77   Blown Bottle

70   English Horn              78   Skakuhachi

71   Bassoon                   79   Whistle

72   Clarinet                  80   Ocarina

  SYNTH LEAD                     SYNTH PAD

81   Lead 1 (square)           89   Pad 1 (new age)

82   Lead 2 (sawtooth)         90   Pad 2 (warm)

83   Lead 3 (calliope)         91   Pad 3 (polysynth)

84   Lead 4 (chiff)            92   Pad 4 (choir)

85   Lead 5 (charang)          93   Pad 5 (bowed)

86   Lead 6 (voice)            94   Pad 6 (metallic)

87   Lead 7 (fifths)           95   Pad 7 (halo)

88   Lead 8 (bass+lead)        96   Pad 8 (sweep)

   SYNTH EFFECTS                  ETHNIC

 97  FX 1 (rain)               105   Sitar

 98  FX 2 (soundtrack)         106   Banjo

 99  FX 3 (crystal)            107   Shamisen

100  FX 4 (atmosphere)         108   Koto

101  FX 5 (brightness)         109   Kalimba

102  FX 6 (goblins)            110   Bagpipe

103  FX 7 (echoes)             111   Fiddle

104  FX 8 (sci-fi)             112   Shanai

   PERCUSSIVE                     SOUND EFFECTS

113  Tinkle Bell               121   Guitar Fret Noise

114  Agogo                     122   Breath Noise

115  Steel Drums               123   Seashore

116  Woodblock                 124   Bird Tweet

117  Taiko Drum                125   Telephone Ring

118  Melodic Tom               126   Helicopter

119  Synth Drum                127   Applause

120  Reverse Cymbal            128   Gunshot

GM Drum Tracks

MIDI    Drum Sound          MIDI    Drum Sound
Note #                      Note #
 35   Acoustic Bass Drum     59   Ride Cymbal 2
 36   Bass Drum 1            60   Hi Bongo
 37   Side Stick             61   Low Bongo
 38   Acoustic Snare         62   Mute Hi Conga
 39   Hand Clap              63   Open Hi Conga
 40   Electric Snare         64   Low Conga
 41   Low Floor Tom          65   High Timbale
 42   Closed Hi-Hat          66   Low Timbale
 43   High Floor Tom         67   High Agogo
 44   Pedal Hi-Hat           68   Low Agogo
 45   Low Tom                69   Cabasa
 46   Open Hi-Hat            70   Maracas
 47   Low-Mid Tom            71   Short Whistle
 48   Hi-Mid Tom             72   Long Whistle
 49   Crash Cymbal 1         73   Short Guiro
 50   High Tom               74   Long Guiro
 51   Ride Cymbal 1          75   Claves
 52   Chinese Cymbal         76   Hi Wood Block
 53   Ride Bell              77   Low Wood Block
 54   Tambourine             78   Mute Cuica
 55   Splash Cymbal          79   Open Cuica
 56   Cowbell                80   Mute Triangle
 57   Crash Cymbal 2         81   Open Triangle
 58   Vibraslap

Source: http://academic.pgcc.edu/~njudy/mt/MIDI/gm.html

HalLion Sonic SE/Sylenth for Software Synthesisers.

A software synthesiser is a computer programme/plug-in that generates a digital audio sound. 

HalLion Sonic is a sampler which is compatible with software synthesisers such as Cubase. It has several features, such as; 192kHz, 32 Stereo Outputs and 6 Channel Surround Support. The sampler contains over 2,500 Synthesised sounds and full VST expression support allowing for smart articulation editing in Cubase. HalLion Sonic includes a wide range of several high-end audio effects: including, Reverence, Convolution Reverb and VST Amp Stimulation and more.
Sylenth is a plug-in Synthesiser which is very well trust within the audio world. The synth has the ability to use 2 oscillators at a time by having a part A and a Part B to the sound, with an amp and a filter. Also, with Sylenth you can manipulate sounds by adding several effects. This is a good synthesiser for lead synths and electric bass-lines as it gives a crisp and clear sound.
Oscillators- This is an electric circuit which produces a signal. It converts Direct Current into Alternating Current. 
VST (Virtual Studio Technology)- This is a type of software interface which can combine audio synthesisers and plugins with audio editors and recording systems. VST uses a digital signal to imitate the traditional recording studio hardware. 

Using Groove Agent for your Drums

Media Bay/ Groove Agent for Software Samplers

These two types of software both include samples of sounds to use in personal pieces. This allows you to be creative with sound and vary the instruments used in sequenced music. This is great as it ensure that not all sequenced music sounds the same, and ensures that composers and creators can add their own unique touch to the piece. 

Using the Key Editor to input notes

How midi is managed (midi manager/list editor in DAW).

The Midi is managed by a very small part of the DAW, which is called the Midi Device Manager. Here all Midi patches can be controlled and shown using a little pop up library. This is a very very good thing to have on a DAW as it allows you to control all devices from just one pannel. 

How to use the KeyStudio Keyboard to input notes

Types of Midi Connections

Midi In                   Midi in is where the data is taken which has been input into the external hardware (e.g. a Midi Controller/Keyboard). 

Midi Out                This is where the signal comes from. It transmits data from that particular machine to a device, such as a sequencer. 

Midi Thru              The midi thru takes data which has been input and then echos it out. The midi   signal/data passes through in order to be received by machines circuited into the                                   rig set up.

How is midi managed? 

Midi can be managed by using a list editor. This is a very important feature in DAW's as it will give you important information and details about the notes and data input. Below is a screenshot of a list editor in Cubase: 

List Editor in Cubase
Source: GuitarGuitar.co.uk 

As you can see, the list editor tells you about the length of the note and pitch of the note. Most importantly, this feature gives you the opportunity to edit the notes used in the sequence.

You could also manage midi using a midi manager. The midi manager tells you about the midi controls/devices connected to your PC/Mac and allows you to have assigned midi devices for specific midi ports available to the system. It is important for letting you to install a new device into the system. It looks like this:

Midi Manager in Cubase
Source: SoundOnSound.com

Midi Controllers

A Midi controller is device which uses support from a DAW to control virtual midi instruments. This is the human interface component for Midi and its job is extremely important as it transmits Midi data to Midi enabled devices. 

Most commonly, piano style controllers/keyboards are used as Midi controllers. Quite a few of these have slide of knob components on to control and try to impersonate the 'real' sound of a synthesiser. You can also get drum systems which have the midi option and also a sound generator (useful for players to practice their music with headphones on). Drum pads and samplers are a very popular choice for percussion reproduction using midi, and they're used to increase the sound palette of an average percussion sound. You will be able to see in the pictures below a few examples of some Midi controllers: 

Roland A-88 Midi Controller 

Novation Lauchpad MK2 Live Controller for Ableton

Yamaha DTX450K Electronic Drum Kit 

Types of Midi File

There are several types of midi file which are all suitable for different purposes. The most common type of midi tracks are type 0 and type 1. Type 0 is a midi file which contains all of its data in one multitrack. Whereas type 1 is a midi file which contains each channel of midi data on a separate track. Type 2 isn't as popular as type 0 or 1, and it is where multiple patterns are arranged in the song. 

   More information at: http://midi-tutor.proboards.com/thread/44/10-midi-file-formats

Sequencing Project

Soundcloud Link 
https://soundcloud.com/user-804953953/rather-be-unmixed-2

DONE Unit 1.1,1.2 and 1.3: Pre production

Pre-Production Planning for a Music Recording

Project Outline: Plan of Action

What is the Type of Production? 

For this production I am going to record a cover of a pop song. With the chosen pop song I plan to make an alternative cover of it. This would allow the client to be able to release a single of the cover song, but something that is a bit different to the original. Making the single appeal to a wider audience as its alternative and interesting, therefore making more sales.

The Song.

The song that will be covered is Hold My Hand by Jess Glynne. I have chosen this song because it is very popular at the moment in the pop genre and has a lot of airplay on the radio. This means that a lot of people have already heard the song, therefore should be interested in hearing a cover of it. I thought that it would be good if we did a bit of an alternative cover to the original so it doesn’t sound like a ‘karaoke’ version of the song. This would allow the artist/band to create their own personality within their music and add character and variation to the piece.  

Who is my Client? 

My client is a small group of musicians from Tamworth who would like to record their first cover of a pop song to put on YouTube. They plan for this to be one of many and we are all hoping that this release will be successful in gaining an audience and starting a fan base. 

The group have left me in charge of all aspects of planning for their production, which included the arrangement of the song (specialized for their instruments), creating the perfect recording environment, selecting the correct microphones and studio equipment, mixing of the tracks, an album cover and advertisement of the cover.  

As the producer and technician of this project I will need to be extremely well organized and communicate well with the rest of the team.

The Team.

Assistant Studio Technician

This is a very important and helpful role within the studio as they will be fulfilling many necessary jobs and roles within the studio and recording process. If the production was a bit bigger and involved more people with a bigger budget then you would have more people doing more jobs in the project. I will list the jobs available within the studio that will have to be shared between me, the producer and technician and the assistant:

Receptionist and Bookings Manager- This person would have to be extremely organized, as they would be in charge of the running of the studio. They would need to be able to book people into the studio and make arrangements with musicians and record label to keep the company in plenty of business. 

Studio Manager- This role would be very similar to the Bookings Manager but instead would act as a leader for the whole studio, running the organization. 

Studio Technicians- These people are usually apprentices or people who haven't got much experience within the music industry at the moment. They will take direction and instructions from the studio manager and work within the studio hosting recordings and completing mixing on tracks. With a bigger production/project, you may have a main studio technician who would act as a leader to the assistant technicians. 

Studio Engineer- This individual will be in charge of the recording and mixing of the track and may have an assistant engineer to help them out within bigger projects. 

Mastering Engineer- This is a very important job within the final release of the track. They will complete the final mixing and mastering of the the track, and then put the track onto CD, Vinyl or whatever the client would like the output to be.

My Ideas for a Media Production.

 I plan to record a cover of a pop song for my client. For this I will record all audio tracks separately allowing me to make remixes and alternative versions of the song. Also I will be able to mix the track to be able to create a near professional standard of audio.
For this project I plan to use both audio tracks and instrument tracks allowing me to use both sequencing, music technology skills and also music recording skills. This is partly why I have chosen this song, as it is a very diverse song within its instruments, meaning it includes instruments like the bass guitar and piano, but also electric instruments like synthesizers and midi sounds.

Copyright

The copyright of a song is owned by the songwriter and/or the publisher. This acts as protection for the works of the artist and ensures that the original artist gets the correct and fair royalties and recognition deserved for their work when it is used by other people. 

To be able to legally publish a cover you need a mechanical license. This is basically the permission needed from the publisher to record and distribute covers of the song which they own the right to. 

Before uploading this song we will need to ensure that we have the correct licenses that will allow us to share this song legally. This is a very important factor to consider when covering song, as it allows the original artist to get their fair share of the profits made off the production. Usually this would involve contacting the original artist and getting permission from them and also paying for a mechanical licence, which allows you to cover songs legally.

As we are singing somebody else’s song we will need to purchase a mechanical /compulsory license which will entitle us to do our own cover of a published song by receiving permission from the publisher to release a cover of a song that they own the rights to.

The best thing to do for this cover would be to purchase a mechanical license which can cost as little as £15. This is a little price to pay considering if you use copyrighted music without permission then you will get charged around £2500. 

For example: Adeles hit single, Hello was sued by Lionel Riche for stealing one of his most famous songs 'Hello'. This is because Adele sung the first line 'Hello' in exactly the same was as Lionel Riche did in his 1980 single. This is not a good thing, as the original artist Lionel Riche feels violated because his musical themes and inspirations have been stolen from the artist, yet Lionel has not been given any credit. Currently, this case has not been responded to by Adele's legal team, but fines could be in line for British singer Adele and her number 1 hit album. 

What is the Budget for the Production?

I will be needing a lot of equipment for this production, I will display this equipment in a table with; the item I need, why I need it and how much it will cost. 

Studio Equipment;  

Item	Why I need it.	Cost
Apple Mac	This is a great device for music and sound production as Apple Macs are very dependable and reliable. They also have music software like Logic, exclusively available to iMac users.	£1849
Shure Sm57 x2	The classic Shure SM57. It’s a great mic for recording such a diverse range of instruments. As it is dynamic microphone is is extremely durable, plus they’re price isn’t too much either.	£80 (£160)
Beyerdynamic DT 770 M x3	These studio headphones are great for listening back to audio files. Their sound isolate feature is great and works really well as they are a type of closed back headphone, keeping external noise out.	£100 (£300)
PreSonus Eris E4.5 (2-Way Powered Studio Monitors (Pair)	IT is important to have a good pair of speakers to hear and listen back to the audio you are producing. Pre Sonus is a trusted brand within the music industry therefore you know that you are getting good quality product.	£115
Microphone Stand x3	These are just a necessity within the studio. Mic stands need to be adjustable and flexible in order to meet the requirement for your recording set up.	£25 (£75)
Pop Shield x3	Pop shields are great, especially for vocals, they isolate sounds and make them sound clean.	£10 (£30)
XLR 10m Cable x3	Again, another studio necessity. XLR signal for audio and are very good at giving a balanced audio connection.	£8 (£24)
XLR to Jack Cable 6m x2	These are also very important within the studio. These leads deliver audio signal from XLR to a 3mm jack connection.	£6 (£12)
Behringer XENYX XL1600 16-Channel Mixer	This will allow me to balance and position the effects on the audio channels and therefore successfully sculpt the sound. EQ can be controlled using this as well to vary the bass, treble and mid way to improve audio.	£470
Neumann TLM 102	This is an amazing condenser microphone for vocals. Due to its high frequency response, it will give a perfect sound and audio of vocals.	£350
Total		£3385.00

With all this equipment we are obviously going to need somewhere to set up all of the things and also we will need transport for all of the equipment. This will come at a large cost to us.

Researching on the property and renting market, the average price to rent a studio per commercial month, which has already been sound proofed and ready for personalised acoustic treatment, usually prices about £950 (excluding tax and electricity). So to rent this space for one month I would have to pay around £1050 or maybe more. Then for transporting the equipment I could rent a van from Anker Van Hire, which would cost £78 to hire their biggest van for the day. On top of that I would need to pay for the fuel which I would be using to get from A to B, but all VAT, insurance, roadside assistance and unlimited mileage is included.

When we add these figures into the total of the equipment we need to purchase it comes to,  £4543. 

                                                                                                                                                                     Total    £4543.00

Advertising and Target Audience:

The song that we are going to be covering is a top 10 2015 pop song, which is very well known within the music industry. This is a good thing for us as many people will already know the song, therefore will be interested in listening to the cover. Our target audience will be people who are interested in pop music and maybe a young audience as this cover will be streamed mostly on youtube and soundcloud, not the radio.

It will not cost us that much to record as we are only going to be recording one track, with 5 instruments (bass, guitar, drums, vocals and piano) and voice. Most of the advertising for this cover will have the most coverage on popular social media platforms like; Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram. This will get the message out to our target audience, and is also a very inexpensive but personal way of advertising.

Production Requirements:

Requirements	Source
What is the budget for my project?	My budget for this project is £10,000. There is a table above listing all of the equipment that I require and why I need it. You will notice that this only comes to £3424, but I will also need to hire a venue and transport for all of the equipment.
How will the project be financed?	For this project I am going to apply for grants by providing a business plan for the next year.
What production equipment do I require?	The Production Kit needed is listed above and should be covered with the £10,000 budget.
What post-production equipment do I require?	I will be requiring a lot of software for after the audio tracks have been recorded. The software will be used on the apple mac. I plan to spend about £700 on new software for the Mac. I will need Cubase, Reason, Ableton and Logic.
What transport is required?	I will need to transport my studio equipment in a large vehicle like a van. I could either buy a van or hire one.
What 'talent' do I require for my project?	·       Music Technologist ·       Sound engineering ·       Vocalist ·       Guitarist ·       Drummer  ·       Bassist   ·       Pianist
What crew do I require?	As the production manager, I will need a team of people helping me out and working on the project too.  ·       Music Technician ·       Instrumentalists/Musicians ·       Advertising and Press ·       Media (Photography and Music Video)
What facility hire is required?	For this project I will need to hire a studio, depending on location the prices will vary. I have decided to complete my recording within School the hire will be very cheap or even free.
What clearances are required?	Before uploading this song we will need to ensure that we have the correct licenses that will allow us to share this song legally. This is a very important factor to consider when covering song, as it allows the original artist to get their fair share of the profits made off the production. Usually this would involve contacting the original artist and getting permission from them and also paying for a mechanical licence, which allows you to cover songs legally.
What copyright issues need to be addressed?	As we are singing somebody else’s song we will need to purchase a mechanical /compulsory license which will entitle us to do our own cover of a published song by receiving permission from the publisher to release a cover of a song that they own the rights to.

Recording Schedule

Performer	Set-up	Control Room	Instrument	Location	Mic
Dan	Lauren	Lauren	Guitar	Control Room	Direct Input
Dan	Lauren	Lauren	Bass	Studio	DRUM VARIETY (Dynamic)
Lauren	Lauren	Dan	Vocals	Studio	SAMSON C01 (Condenser)
Tom	Lauren	Lauren	Drums	Studio	DRUM VARIETY (Dynamic)
Tom	Lauren	Lauren	Piano	Studio	C1000S (Condenser)
Lauren	Lauren	Dan	Backing Vocals	Studio	RODE NT42 (Condenser)

Planning: 

Risk Assessment

Hazard			Who Might Be Harmed?			Risk Rating	Preventive Control Measures		Risk Rating	Communication Findings
Where is it?	What is it?	Likelihood?	Who?	How?	(Risk) Severity Update		Precautions	(Risk) Severity Update		Communication
Studio, Classroom and Practice Rooms	Electricity	3	Students, Teachers and Musicians	Electrocution	2	6	Ensure that electricity is always used with precaution.	1	3	Brief people explaining dangers of electricity before their use of the studio.
Studio (especially the control room)	High Volumes	2	Students, Teachers and Musicians	Ears/hearing may be damaged over long periods of high volume listening	2	4	Listen to music sensibly and don’t listen to high volumes if unnecessary. If listening to loud music for long periods of time, ear defenders should be considered to prevent the overall effect of the sound.	1	2	Allow people, and inform people to wear ear defenders.
To and from the studio	Heavy Lifting	4	Students, Teachers and Musicians	From lifting heavy equipment and hurting/stretching muscles in a wrong way.	3	12	You should lift with your knees rather than your back. This is the correct way of lifting.	2	8	To ensure safe lifting a short heavy lifting course/induction should be completed.
Studio, classroom and practice rooms	Plug Sockets	3	Students, Teachers and Musicians	Plug sockets could also present a risk of electrocution.	2	6	When plugs are not in use make sure that they are covered with safe plug socket fillers and that all liquids are kept away from electricity.	1	3	Inform people to keep the studio tidy and keep plug covers in when they are not in use.
Classroom, practice rooms, especially in the studio	Cables	4	Students, Teachers and Musicians	Due to lots of cables being around the studio there is a high risk of tripping over.	4	16	Ensure that the studio is tidy and that all wires and cables are kept in neat order.	2	8	Display notes and posters around the affected areas asking people to put equipment away in a certain order, this helps the studio to become a safer place with a happier working environment.
Studio	Instruments and Equipment	3	Students, Teachers and Musicians	Instruments and equipment could present a risk of being an obstacle. This increases the chance of people tripping over and hurting themselves.	3	9	The studio should be kept neat and tidy to ensure that everything is in the right place. This decreases the risk of tripping over obstacles as people know where everything is, therefore more likely to avoid them. Clear pathways should also be made.	1	3	Having designated areas for certain instruments and equipment. This helps to decrease the risk of tripping over instruments that shouldn’t be in certain places.
Studio, classroom and practice rooms.	Fire	2	Students, Teachers and Musicians	This could happen when electricity isn’t used with enough precaution.	2	4	Ensure that all electrical appliances have been checked and are in good working order, ad chords aren’t frayed or damaged.	1	2	Let people know where fire extinguishers are, and ensure that all electrical appliances and components are checked and are issued with PAC codes.
Studio	Food and Drink in the Studio	2	Students, Teachers and Musicians	Food and Drink in the studio is unhygienic and also proposed a risk. For example; if a drink is spilt over electrical equipment it could increase the chances of electrocution or damage of equipment.	2	4	Let everybody know the rule, so they are aware not to do this.	1	2	Display posters around the area asking for no food and drink to be consumed within the area.
Studio, classroom and practice rooms.	Lights	2	Students, Teachers and Musicians	When fitted with the wrong bulb with the wrong wattage, there is a possibility of an electrical fire being started.	2	4	You can do this by checking the electrical maximum wattage on the light fitting before installing the new light bulb. It is also very important that no materials are left near or touching the lamp, as the material could heat up and ignite causing a fire.	1	2	Ensure that if someone has to change the light bulb in a fitting they know exactly what light bulbs they can or cannot use. Alternatively, only one person could be allowed to changed the bulb, and they should know what bulbs to use.
Classrooms but especially studio.	Extension Chords	3	Students, Teachers and Musicians	Misuse of the chord could result in an electrical fire.	3	9	The appliance should be plugged directly into the outlet. Extensions should only be used as a temporary fixture.	1	3	Let people know that extension chords should only be used as a temporary solution.